A War On Women And Drugs Criminology Essay

A War On Women And Drugs Criminology Essay In 1986 Congress passed mandatory minimum sentencing. Federal mandatory drug sentences take the decision away from the judge and gives sentences based on: 1. The type of drug; 2. The weight or alleged weight of the drug mixture and 3. The number of prior convictions. The rise of women in prison seems to be correlated with US drug laws and policies. Many researchers argue that the war on drugs has directly become a war on women. In 1999, the Bureau of Justice Statistics documented that 1 in 3 women were likely serving time for a drug offense in comparison to 1 in 8 women in 1986. Three reasons often determine the involvement of women in the criminal justice system, the first would be a history of abuse, the second issue is disrupted family and personal relationships and finally the third is drug abuse. Women that end up in prison have usually been abused and/or battered, are economically disadvantaged, have abused drugs, and/or are minorities. Due to the circumstances just mentioned and stricter policies and laws regarding drugs the outcome is a drastic rise in the incarceration of women. If women are seen as victims of circumstance then they are basically adapting to the conditions of their lives and struggling to survive. The status of women in prison reflects their status in society; they are marginalized by racism and sexism. Women in prison have been damaged by the oppression of patriarchy, economic marginalization and the far-reaching effects of such short sighted and detrimental policies as the war on drugs and the over reliance on incarceration, (Owen, 2000). Female Offenders Women have become the new offender in the criminal justice system. Through the years the amount of women incarcerated has greatly risen. In 2000, there were more than 1 million women in the United States in prison, probation or parole, whereas in 1990 there were 600,000 in the same situation. The rise in the incarceration of women can be greatly attributed to US policies and laws o n drugs and drug related crimes. Women are usually minimally involved in drug crimes but are severely punished due to the mandatory minimum laws in place. The war on drugs does not have laws laid out specifically for men and women, the laws are universal and apply equally to both men and women. Drug laws were originally designed for the male criminal and did not take into account the special circumstances in women’s lives. These women that are being punished under the mandatory minimum drug laws are the wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, nieces, granddaughters and girlfriends of many law abiding citizens in society. These women become involved in drug crimes because of their dependence to their significant other, whether it is financially, because of fear or other extenuating circumstance. Women who become victims of mandatory minimum laws are incarcerated and subject to patriarchal sentences because the men in their lives coerced, obliged or scammed them into carrying drugs . Women in jails and prisons are often oppressed and even victimized. There are many race and gender inequalities in the criminal justice system when it comes to addressing women and their needs. Women offenders are more likely to be incarcerated now than they were at any other time in the history of the United States. The legal system has become more willing to prosecute and incarcerate women than at any other time in the history of the United States.

Others Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Others - Assignment Example The retail establishment will offer a variety of coffee products using high quality coffee beans. The products will be differentiated to meet different customer needs. The bakery will provide fresh pastry and bakery products. The company will prepare six batches of pastry and bakery products to ensure fresh products are available at all times of business hours. The retail coffee industry in Canada is growing rapidly. The climatic conditions of Ontario encourage the consumption of hot beverages. Westside Bakery and Java will concentrate its marketing and business on locals, who will be the dominant market. This strategic move will benefit the company by establishing a consistent and healthy revenue base, which will ensure the business is stable. Strategic location of the company, high quality products, and excellent service delivery will be crucial in achieving the company’s targets. Westside Bakery and Java expects to borrow $50,000 and raise $150,000 own capital. The company expects annual sales worth $400,000 in the first year, $600,000 in the second year, and $700,000 in the third year. Westside Bakery and Java will break even by the sixth month of operation. The company anticipates profits of $10,000 in the first year, $30,000 by the second year, and $50,000 by the third year. Westside Bakery and Java does not anticipate any cash flow

Local Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 127

Local Economic Development - Essay Example Local economic professionals also have a role to play to ensure that the community groups that are formed do not only focus on poverty alleviation, but also on economic development. This includes making the community members pioneers of entrepreneur skills and job creation for other members. Economic professionals also have to provide assistance to local community groups in terms of access to technology and capital support and creating a link between private and public institutions of the community. The North Texas area will impact marketing as a place for establishing the new business. This is because a new environment is going to be created in this area, which means that customers in this area will have different wants and needs compared to customers from the other areas. As such, new businesses will be formed to satisfy the needs of customers in this environment. These include food, shelter, and clothing. Therefore, entrepreneurs and business people dealing with such items will fo cus on delivery of the items and ensure that the local people do not suffer from lack of such items. The response to this challenge will involve conducting a market analysis of this new area. This will entail determining the various needs of the people, conducting the feasibility study of the area, and establishing whether the area will provide sufficient market for new products and services. Results of this analysis will aid in making decisions as to whether to establish new businesses in the area or not to establish such businesses. Dallas is a city in North Texas, which uses good urban planning policies and regulations that enhance the attainment of sustainable economic development (Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas 1).