Franklin D. Roosevelt And The New Deal - 1116 Words

Born on January 30, 1882, in Hyde Park, New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt was stricken with polio in 1921. He became the 32nd US president in 1933, and was the only president to be elected four times. Roosevelt led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, and greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal. Roosevelt died in Georgia in 1945. President Roosevelt’s parents made a living both on real estate and trade. Roosevelt was schooled by tutors until age 14 because they didn’t believe in sending him to school. His household revolved around him, even with his mother being his dominant figure into adulthood. Franklin Roosevelt attended the Groton†¦show more content†¦They were married for 40 years. Eleanor Roosevelt is known for 10 quotes and she is rumored to have run his presidency. At 28 Franklin Roosevelt was invited to run for New York State Senate. He campaigned to the fullest and was able win the election. â€Å"Assuming the governorship at the onset of the Great Depression, Roosevelt devoted himself to relieving the burden on New Yorkers. He advocated for a federal old-age pension, and created the Temporary Relief Administration to provide assistance to the unemployed.† He soon formed an alliance with Louis Howe, which would help shape his political career for the next 25 years. Franklin Roosevelt found personal as well as professional success, in Politics. Franklin D. Roosevelt accepted the nomination for vice president, as James M. Cox s running mate. On August 10, 1921, Roosevelt was on vacation at Campobello Island, New Brunswick, Canada, and he was diagnosed with polio. He tried numerous things to cure the terminal illness and even bought the Warm Springs resort in Georgia in an effort to find a cure. Franklin Roosevelt believed that having polio would effect his political career and everything would be over. But His wife Eleanor Roosevelt and Louis Howe encouraged him to continue his career despite his illness. He didn’t believe he was terminally ill although he never regained mobility in his legs. Roosevelt taught himself to walk short distances with his brace, and was

Week 2 Quiz Nov Essay examples - 803 Words

Week 2 Quiz Instructions: Select the correct answer for each question. You may use this worksheet to highlight the correct answer using the highlight function or simply create a Word Document, number from 1-15 and provide the correct letter for each corresponding question. Each question is worth .2 points. 1) What is a credit utilization rate? a. How many open credit accounts you have b. The percentage of all your reported credit accounts that are open accounts c. Your total outstanding balance as a percentage of total credit limit d. How often you use credit to make purchases 2) Students should aim to keep their total student loan debt to a. less than the salary they are likely to make their first year out of school b. less than†¦show more content†¦A line of credit with a high monthly limit 8) What is the difference between a subsidized and an unsubsidized Stafford loan? a. A subsidized loan is interest-free for the first 36 months after graduation; an unsubsidized loan is interest-free for only 6 months after graduation. b. A subsidized loan does not have to be paid back on the death of a student, but an unsubsidized loan has to be. c. A subsidized loan is based on student need, whereas an unsubsidized loan is available to any student, regardless of financial need. d. A subsidized loan is only available to foreign students. 9) What are two ways you can delay student loan payments? a. Deferment or payment desist b. Deferment or exoneration c. Deferment or subsidization d. Deferment or forbearance 10) Which site provides a free credit report from each of the three national credit reporting agencies? a. www.freecreditreport.com b. www.annualcreditreport.com c. www.creditreports.com d. www.freecreditscore.com 11) Credit scores can be used for to determine how much you pay to receive which of the following services? a. Health insurance b. Auto insurance c. Life insurance d. Disability insurance 12) Which is the best way to pay off credit-card debt? a. Dip into your emergency savings. b. Pay the largest portion you can afford from your salary every month. c. Take out a loan from your 401k at a lower interest rate than the credit card. d. Use a HELOC (Home Equity Line of Credit) to pay offShow MoreRelatedLaw 2101 Course Outline 2014 151308 Words   |  6 Pageslegal areas of most relevance in modern society. The course is open to all Western undergraduates (other than law students enrolled in the J.D. program). There are no pre requisites. Schedule This full year course consists of three lecture hours per week, in two 90 minute blocks. The classes are Tuesdays and Thursdays, 3:30 P.M. 5:00 P.M., in Room 40 of the Labatt Health Sciences Building. Readings The required text is Law 101: Introduction to Law (12th ed, 2014). Students are expected to attend theRead MoreEssay on ART 305 Syllabus 1 2559 Words   |  11 Pagescultures as they are expressed in the arts, literatures, religions, and philosophy. Students will: 1. Explain and reflect critically upon the human search for meaning, values, discourse, and expression in one or more eras/stylistic periods or cultures. 2. Analyze, interpret, and reflect critically upon ideas of value, meaning, discourse and expression from a variety of perspectives from the arts and/or humanities. 3. Produce work/works of art that communicate to a diverse audience through a demonstratedRead MoreGreek Mythology1294 Words   |  6 Pagescritical skills component. Students will attend two one-hour lectures and one two-hour tutorial per week. Some of the critical skills students will develop in the course include analytical skills in interpreting primary texts, participating in discussion and debate in tutorials, developing arguments, and writing essays. 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Learned Helplessness in the Workplace Free Essays

string(80) " it seems she figured if she couldn’t beat her parents, she should join them\." Running Head: Learned Helplessness in the Workplace Paper Learned Helplessness in the Workplace Psychology 320 November 22, 2010 Professor: Sprinkle Abstract In the late 1960’s and early 1970s Mr. Martin Seligman began to study what effects surroundings have on not only animals, but human beings. His studies were an attempt to determine what ramifications outside influences could have on a live beings motivation and drive for success. We will write a custom essay sample on Learned Helplessness in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now He started his studies by giving rats electric shocks. They were inadvertent and without cause, and this was so the rats had no way of reasoning what could cause or prevent the shocks, and how to avoid them. What he found, was that eventually the rats would give up on trying to avoid or escape the shocks. Seligman eventually applied these studies to human infants and what he discovered was a theory he deemed, â€Å"Learned Helplessness. † Learned Helplessness in the Workplace When Martin Seligman chose to study human infants and the effects of outside influences, he wanted to determine whether a lack of control over one’s surroundings could lead to a lack in motivation. What he found was that just like the rats, humans would learn helplessness, and hence the reason his theory is known as the Learned Helplessness Theory. In short, the theory states that with no control over one’s surroundings, the response will be helplessness. He also found that those who learn this will have an interference with the rest of their development. They may have emotional problems along with anxiety and depression as adults. One of the ways that Seligman believed children learned helplessness was if there was no correlation between actions and there outcome. Just like the rats who tried to escape but where still punished with shocks, they felt that no matter what they did the outcome would be the same. Children who had parents with poor parenting skills or who didn’t recognize their successes, learned that no matter what they did, it didn’t change the outcome. Kids who struggled in school may begin to fail repeatedly as they would feel that even if they did try, they would fail. People who have learned helplessness suffer from low self-esteem, and tend to blame themselves for everything While studying learned helplessness in humans, Seligman found that it also can be associated with different ways of thinking about the events that form person’s â€Å"explanatory style. † Seligman believed there were three major components of explanatory style associated with learned helplessness. He termed those as permanence, pervasiveness, and personalization. Permanence pertained to the idea that no matter what happens or the events leading up to them, the outcomes were in fact permanent. Pervasiveness referred to the thought that if something negative happened in one situation it would happen in other situations as well. For instance if a person struggles with math, they then assume they are stupid and struggle in every aspect. Personalization, the third and final component of explanatory style, refers to whether one will attribute negative events to their own flaws or to outside circumstances or other people. Most people with Learned Helplessness will attribute everything to their own flaws or shortcomings. Seligman believes in order to help a person overcome Learned Helplessness; they must strive to Learn Optimism. He believes parents and others who celebrate young kid’s mastery of new subjects can lead to optimism as well as their own attitudes toward life. In my own position as a business owner, I believe I have employed a young woman and possibly a few others with who had learned helplessness. There is one young woman in particular who seemed to struggle with the struggles Seligman outlined in his theory. I felt a daily battle in trying to convince her she could change her life and the outcomes of the events in her life if she became motivated. When I bought my health club Cassie was the young woman who was the receptionist at the front desk. What I quickly learned was that Cassie had two drug addicted parents who had spent her entire life beating each other up, a father who was in and out of jail who tried to use her to get drugs, and a mother who tried to get her to do drugs with her. I quickly recognized in Cassie the ability to be different than her upbringing, but I couldn’t see a desire from her to get there. She had an inner voice that told her she never could be successful, as mediocrity was all she felt she deserved. I rewarded her for her work in attempt to motivate her, but it seemed no matter what promotion or reward I offered I couldn’t get her motivated to make changes in her life. She would come to work on time, and do what was asked of her, but I never saw any motivation to rise above and excel to the next level, even though I could see she was naturally intelligent and capable of many things. I felt for Cassie as I am not sure she ever had a chance given her parents, but I couldn’t change her as I so wished I could. No amount of positive praise or reward could convince Cassie that she could change her life, even though her intelligence was high and her ability was great. She just didn’t believe it was possible. I tried for four years to be a role model for Cassie, and there were many days when I thought she was making the choices to change her life, but she never followed through as she really believed change for her was impossible. Cassie had tried for her entire youth rise above both her parents, but eventually she felt no matter what she did the end was inevitable. It’s as if she predetermined her future by thinking it was going to be the worst future possible. In the end it seems she figured if she couldn’t beat her parents, she should join them. You read "Learned Helplessness in the Workplace" in category "Papers" I tried very hard to be a positive impact for Cassie and help change her life, but the damage that she had incurred seemed to be too great. No matter what I did, she couldn’t become an optimist or change the way she felt about the outside influences in her life. No matter how hard I encouraged or pushed her in a positive direction, she always wound up back on the bottom because she truly believed that is where she belonged. I often think about her and wonder if there is anything else I could have done to help her crawl out of her life and into one she was worthy up, but in the end I think that she couldn’t change her way of thinking and truly believed the type of life she had was meant to be permanent. She is living somewhere now in a rundown apartment off of welfare with her young daughter who I believe will turn out exactly like her. She has no job because she doesn’t want to lose her food stamps and welfare, and she is back on drugs. My only hope in life is that somebody will be able to walk into her life and tell her daughter that she is smart, and capable of so much in life. I have learned from Cassie the value of celebrating a child’s little successes, and encouraging them to be something in life. It’s sad, but Cassie’s case of Learned Helplessness has taught me about promoting optimism, and I plan on spreading it to any children I come in contact with. References: Learned Helplessness (2001) Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence. Retrieved at: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0003/ai_2602000349/ Theory Name| Major Theorist(s)| Time Period Created| Key Theory Concepts| First Grand Theory: WILL| Socrates, Plato and Descartes| Ancient Greeks and 17th-18th centuries| Socrates and Plato literally broke down the concept into mind and body. Mind over matter. According to Plato there was a way to keep body in check. This could be accomplished by the will. In other words the will was in control of all aspects of intention both bodily needs and that which would be considered spiritual. Descartes was convinced that motivation was the will. He believed that the will was in charge of whether to act or not to act. Bodily needs pleasures, pain, impulses were just means to an end. Will had the ultimate say. He and other philosophers at the time were convinced that they had the answer. In the end the will turned out to be something of a mystery. In dealing with just the will to explain motivation, it just proved to be a purpose and it was not universal in its theory because some people had more willpower than others. | Second Grand Theory: Instinct| DarwinWilliam JamesMcDougall| 19th-20th Century| Darwin’s thoughts were dealing with the biology of mankind. His theory is still being dealt with today. Religions and scientists still trying to prove or disprove his theory. His main distinction was between animals and humans. Darwin took away the idea of will when he was able to show that animals were able to use their resources (motivation) to adapt to like humans. So in this sense the will was no longer an explanation of motivated behavior. James’ theory consisted of introducing stimulus into the picture. Reflex and instincts is what makes human motivation. McDougall took the research on a generation after Darwin. Once researchers embraced this idea the next thing to do was to identify the instincts. This became a daunting task. On top of that the instinct theory was exposed as circular. In other words, instinct theory failed because theorists were unable to determine if instincts really exist. | Third Grand Theory: Drive| Sigmund Freud Robert Woodworth Clark Hull | 20th Century| Freud, all behaviors were satisfying needs. Behavior serves bodily needs and drive acted as a guard or middleman to ensure that behaviors occurred when needed for comfort of the body. Satisfaction of the bodily need quieted drive. Freud’s theory was crushed due to three factors (1) overestimation of biological forces (2) overreliance on data taken from case studies of mentally ill individuals and (3) ideas that were not scientifically testable. Hull’s drive theory did had one thing the other will and instinct did not have and that was prediction. Drive came from environmental conditioning which marked the beginning of scientific study of motivation. If the answer to the environmental question could be answered as to the motivation created then, one would be able to manipulate or predict motivational states in the laboratory. Eventually though drive met its fate too. It was clear that drive reduction was neither necessary nor sufficient for learning to occur. Robert Woodworth: responsible for the so called â€Å"dynamic: interactional metaphor of nature vs. nurture. He saw the essential task of psychological investigation as ‘the give and take’ between the organism’s mentality and the requirements of its physical and social existence. According to the scientific world of the 21st century these thoughts are holding the discipline back. | Goal Setting| Locke| Late 1960s| Mini-theories represented attempts by researchers and theorists to focus on more and more specific aspects of behavior rather than to account for ALL motivating factors by relying on one single theory. As a result of this emphasis, mini-theories were developed to help explain some but not all of motivated behavior. For example, mini-theories might attempt to explain why a student is performing poorly in elementary school or why Mini-theories became popular because they focused largely on cognitive approaches to understanding behavior. They represented a reaction to the idea that humans are inherently passive. They also reflected a growing need for psychology to provide answers to questions that had important social implications or solved problems that were socially relevant. Edwin Locke’s Goal Setting Theory states that people who set goals for themselves will become motivated to achieve those goals, solely as a result of making those goals. Furthermore, those who set specific goals that are more difficult are able to achieve a higher level of performance than those who set easier and abstract goals. The Goal Setting Theory outlines five important principles of goal setting that motivates individuals and they are: clarity(measurable and unambiguous goals with a specific completion time ensure that there is no misunderstanding about what is required to reach the goal), challenge (difficult goals are often more motivating than easier goals), commitment (when there is a strong commitment to the goal, there is a higher level of motivation), feedback (it is important to provide opportunities for clarifying and reassuring), and task complexity (allowing time for people to achieve the goal or learn what is needed to achieve the goal). One important aspect of the goals is that they must be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time bound (SMART). In 1975 the theory was scientifically proven by researchers Latham and Baldes. Common criticisms of this theory are that it is a technique rather than a theory, it can produce undesirable competition, and it emphasizes some aspects over others (quantity over quality). | Cognitive Dissonance Achievement Motivation Learned HelplessnessOthers? | FestingerAtkinsonSeligman| 1950s19641975| The Cognitive Dissonance Theory is based off of the idea of cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is the uncomfortable feeling that arises from having two conflicting thoughts at the same time. Dissonance is referred to as the uncomfortable feeling and can often be projected as feelings of guilt, embarrassment or immorality. Dissonance can also be greater in some cases such as with big decisions or decisions that will have a great impact, decisions that are particularly difficult to solve (such as with two similar decisions), and decisions that are concerned with oneself. This theory states that when a person has these conflicting thoughts, then they will be motivated to resolve the conflict as humans tend to seek consistency within their thoughts. Often there are three ways that a person will resolve the conflict. They may change their behavior, justify their behavior by changing the conflicting beliefs to reduce dissonance (such as by reducing the importance), or justify the behavior by adding more beliefs that will reduce dissonance (such as focusing on strengths). It is important to note that one will be more likely to change their attitude or beliefs as there would be less dissonance involved, rather than changing one’s behavior. Atkinson’s theory states orientation is the result of two separate motives: the motive of achieving success and the motive to avoid failure. A persons motivation to achieve success depends on three factors: the need to succeed, the persons estimate of the ability to success and likelihood of succeeding, and the incentive for success. The motive to avoid failure shares the same three conditions, but in relation to avoiding failure. This theory has been criticized due to the fact that a persons needs must be known before behavior can be affected. The Learned Helplessness theory speculated after testing on dogs, that humans too learn to be helpless when placed in a situation in which their actions seem to not have an effect, leading to depression. It has been criticized for not distinguishing between universal and personal helplessness. | How to cite Learned Helplessness in the Workplace, Papers

Public Relations Zika Virus

Question: Discuss about thePublic Relationsfor Zika Virus. Answer: Introduction In recent past, Zika virus has emerged as one of the prime medical phenomenon that has affected many people in different parts of Singapore. Zika virus is primarily spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes. However, in-depth analysis regarding Zika virus has highlighted the fact that the virus can also be transmitted through Aedes albopictus and sexual intercourse. Furthermore, the symptoms of the virus are similar to the transmission cycle and clinical epidemiology as dengue and chikungunya (Weger-Lucarelli et al., 2016). Therefore, it has developed medical challenges for the government of Singapore in order to counter the issue in an effective manner. The present outbreak of Zika virus is associated with the increase in congenital malformations, Guillain-Barr syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly. It has increases the overall health issues of several economies alarmingly. In 2015, public health emergency has been announced by Brazil. For that reason, Ministry of Health has tried to develop strategies in such a way so that it can have major positive impact on the health issues of the Singaporean people. Here, the focus will be on the evaluation of the best possible strategies that have the potential to fulfil all the objectives regarding the issues related to Zika virus effectively. In 1947, Zika virus was firstly identified in a monkey in a Uganda forest, which was later isolated in humans. As per the article by Wong et al. (2013) Zika virus has been spreading several diseases in Asia and Africa. Therefore, Singapore also has to face major threats regarding the issues related to Zika virus. On the other hand, the prime objectives of Ministry of Health at Singapore are to develop a healthy nation where all the people can lead their life freely. For that reason, the mission statement of Ministry of Health has been focused towards promoting good health of the people. However, the present issue has created big challenge for the organization to fulfil all the goal s in an appropriate manner. Impact of the Issue of Organization: As the number has increased regarding the number of people affected by the Zika virus in Singapore, it has created big question mark over the roles and responsibilities of the organization (Alera et al., 2015). Many experts have highlighted that Ministry of Health at Singapore has not taken proper precautions in order to counter the Zika virus effectively. Therefore, it has created direct adverse impact on the overall goodwill of the organization. It has been registered that around 383 patients is suffering from the Zika virus that includes 8 pregnant female as well. On the other hand, World Health organization (WHO) has declared Zika virus as a global public health emergency, as it has the capability to infect underdeveloped brains of babies (Oehler et al., 2014). In fact, it can also create huge amount of adverse impact on the present health of pregnant women. SMART Objectives: S-Specific To initiate several promotional and awareness campaign for the complete elimination of the health issues regarding Zika virus from the Singapore M-Measurable To reduce the number of infected people below 100 in next three months through the utilization of vaccination program A-Attainable To develop specific conference regarding spreading the symptoms and affects of Zika virus on human body R-Realistic To conduct special road shows for creating awareness in order to protect the babies and pregnant women from Zika virus T-Timeframe To fulfil the entire objectives within the 12 months timeframe Table 1: SMART objectives (Source: Li et al., 2012) Description of the Research Methodology: From the above discussion, it can be assessed that Zika virus can actually create serious impact on the overall health condition of the people. Therefore, it has become necessary for the Ministry of Health at Singapore to implement effective methodologies in order to counter the issue in an appropriate manner. As per the article by Gourinat et al. (2015) the best way to eliminate adverse impact of Zika virus is to have in-depth information regarding the initial syndrome and after affects on the health condition of the people. Therefore, the Ministry of Health will have to provide conscious focus on the manuscripts, news articles, previous records and other debates in order to keep track of the record in an appropriate manner. However, it is necessary for the Ministry of Health to implement a systematic approach to collect information from the mentioned source in order to draw an appropriate idea about the significance of Zika virus on the health condition of the people (Maurer-Stroh et al., 2016). Thus, Ministry of Health can initiate case study analysis to gather extend information regarding the Zika virus issue. It will also help to highlight the present facts and numbers that have been created due to Zika outbreak. Now, Zika virus is relative new and uncommon disease that has emerged as one of the prime threats regarding the overall health condition of the people in Singapore. Therefore, case study analysis will help Ministry of Health to become aware about the recent incidents related to Zika virus. Qualitative research technique will be implemented for capturing in-depth information about the Zika virus topic. As per the article by Grard et al. (2014) qualitative research technique has the capability to analyse contemporary real life circumstances. It helps to capture in-depth as well as different sides of a particular topic. Unlike quantitative information that only provides a trend regarding a particular issue, qualitative information has the potential to increase the value of the overall research study (DiLuca et al., 2016). In fact, it can also provide specific recommendations in order to resolve a particular issue. Therefore, it will help Ministry of Health to develop unique ideas that can create major positive impact on the real life situation. The study will focus only on the secondary information collection method, as it will help to cover all aspects of the issue in an effective manner. Furthermore, as Zika virus is a new concept, it will be very difficult to collect e ffective primary data. Since, majority of the people do not have any clear idea regarding the way it affects the health condition of an individual (Musso et al., 2014). The research methodology will be utilized in such a way so that it able to provide clear idea for eliminating the issue from the community (Weaver et al., 2016). For that reason, five systematic steps including collection of information and idea, research questions development, logical linking, ascertainment of the proposition and effective analysis will have to be implemented so that all aspects of the issue can be covered in an effective manner. Stakeholders and Publics Strategies: As per the article by Zammarchi et al. (2015), stakeholder coordination is necessary in order to implement strategies in an appropriate manner. For instance, Singapore is regarded as one of the popular tourist destination of the entire world. Therefore, many foreigners visit Singapore every year that has also increased the possibility of Zika virus inclusion from outside of the country (Anderson, Thomas Endy, 2016). Thus, tourism stakeholders will have to impose a closer look on the tourists in order to maintain the overall health condition of the community. Furthermore, tourism stakeholders will have to impose specific rules and regulations regarding the Zika virus issue in order to restrict the tourists from spreading the virus into all parts of the community. Furthermore, other stakeholders also have to initiate several preventive steps in order to counter the issue of Zika virus (Balm et al., 2012). For instance, Ministry of Health will have to focus on the proper utilization pr ecautionary medicines so that Zika virus cannot able to create desired amount of impact. In addition, proper medical intervention will have to be imposing on the affected people so that other remains safe from the adverse affect of the virus (Hamel et al., 2015). Ministry of Health at Singapore will not only have to store sufficient medicine for the affected people but also will have to develop antidotes which will be capable of reducing the issues related to Zika virus. However, the recent Zika outbreaks have increased necessity of proper utilization of medical intervention. Otherwise, it will affect health condition of more people from Singapore. Strategies will also have to include proper utilization of information flow among all the stakeholders (Diagne et al., 2015). Therefore, Ministry of Health will have to develop effective communication channel so that all the strategies can be initiated in an appropriate manner. However, identification of affected people by Zika virus is extremely difficult, as majority of the people often confused it with several other diseases like dengue. Therefore, it is important from the perspectives of medical stakeholders to initiate effective promotion and awareness campaign so that people can easily recognize the disease. Furthermore, Ministry of Health at Singapore will have to provide the regular health check-up system for all the people so that the virus can be detected at the early stage. It will also help to reduce the possibility of affecting other people in an appropriate manner (Ioos et al., 2014). As mentioned earlier, Zika virus primarily spread from the bite of the affected mosquitoes. Therefore, all the stakeholders will have to focus on the elimination of the affected mosquitoes from the community. For instance, stakeholders will have to focus on the reduction of unnecessary storage of water within the community. It also has to focus on maintaining the clean and healthy atmosphere so that the issues related to Zika virus can be remained under control. As per the article by Chouin-Carneiro et al. (2016) the Zika virus often affects babies and pregnant women very easily. Therefore, stakeholders will also have to provide special attention towards the pregnant women and children in order to eliminate the adverse impact of the Zika virus. For instance, children will have to utilize specific anti-mosquitoes cream to avoid bitten by any Zika virus affected mosquitoes (Hofer, 2016). Furthermore, information related to Zika virus will also have to convey in the educational platforms so that people from different age group can have clear idea regarding the kind of impact it can have on the overall health condition of the people (Song et al., 2016). Channel and Tactics: As the scale of Zika virus continuously grows to include several new countries, WHO has highlighted the significance of the development of proper channel in order to counter the issue in an appropriate manner. WHO also has highlighted the importance of proper coordination in order to counter the issue related to Zika virus. Now, in order to fulfil the objective, Ministry of Health at Singapore first will have to focus on collecting funds from several government departments. The prime objective will to initiate promotional campaign like road shows, conferences so that people become more aware about the Zika virus (Hennessey et al., 2016). As per the article by Pyke et al. (2014) it is important to include many agencies, as it will help to cover all the each and every area related to Zika virus issue in an effective manner. On the other hand, Musso Gubler (2015) have highlighted the significance of RD departments in order to fulfil the tactics in an effective manner. Since, medical in tervention is necessary for the successful fulfilment of all the objectives. The above figure also has highlighted that Ministry of Health will have to consider the help of NGOs at the time of developing awareness in different parts of the community. It has been assessed that NGOs maintain close relation with the people from different financial condition (Richard, Paoaafaite Cao-Lormeau, 2016). Therefore, it will be easier for the NGOs to spread awareness regarding the Zika outbreak. Timeline: Activities 1-2 Moths 3-4 Months 5-6 Months 7-9 Months 10-11 Months 12 Months Background study Consideration different research technique Evaluation of previous data Case study analysis Newspaper and journal analysis Promotional technique selection Utilization of awareness program Future evaluation process Table 2: Gantt chart (Source: As created by the author) Evaluation Methods: The evaluation of the implemented process will be complex as Zika virus is continuously spreading geographically. In fact, it has been identified that Zika virus is spreading in the areas where component vectors are present. Furthermore, people are living in the environment where mosquitoes can also live and bread properly. It has also increased the possibility of Aedes mosquitoes to spread the Zika viruses in an appropriate manner. Therefore, the evaluation will not have to be restricted with the number of people that are affecting by the Zika virus. Rather, Ministry of Health will also have to analyse how quickly the virus is being detected in the human body. Furthermore, Ministry of Health at Singapore will also work closely with the WHO for assessing the nature of Zika virus in an effective manner. This will reduce the number of people affecting by the Zika virus in an appropriate manner. However, conscious effort will have to make on reducing the numbers of people affected peopl e in order to fulfil all the objectives in an effective manner. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it can be assessed that Zika virus has emerged as a medical phenomenon is recent times. People from all across the world are getting ill due to the Zika virus. Therefore, it has become responsibility of government to develop strategies to counter the matter in an appropriate manner. For instance, government will have to create awareness and also provide proper medical intervention in order to eliminate the issue to a certain extent. However, the above discussion has highlighted the fact that awareness cannot be develop overnight. In fact, it is continues process that will provide benefits in long-run for the community. References: Alera, M. T., Hermann, L., Tac-An, I. A., Klungthong, C., Rutvisuttinunt, W., Manasatienkij, W., ... Lago, C. B. (2015). Zika virus infection, Philippines, 2012.Emerging infectious diseases,21(4), 722. Anderson, K. B., Thomas, S. J., Endy, T. P. (2016) The Emergence of Zika Virus: A Narrative Review.Annals of internal medicine. Balm, M. N., Lee, C. K., Lee, H. K., Chiu, L., Koay, E. S., Tang, J. W. (2012). A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay for Zika virus.Journal of medical virology,84(9), 1501-1505. Chouin-Carneiro, T., Vega-Rua, A., Vazeille, M., Yebakima, A., Girod, R., Goindin, D., ... Failloux, A. B. (2016). Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus.PLoS Negl Trop Dis,10(3), e0004543. Di Luca, M., Severini, F., Toma, L., Boccolini, D., Romi, R., Remoli, M. E., ... Fortuna, C. (2016). Experimental studies of susceptibility of Italian Aedes albopictus to Zika virus.Euro Surveill.,21. Diagne, C. T., Diallo, D., Faye, O., Ba, Y., Faye, O., Gaye, A., ... Diallo, M. (2015). Potential of selected Senegalese Aedes spp. mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit Zika virus.BMC infectious diseases,15(1), 1. Gourinat, A. C., OConnor, O., Calvez, E., Goarant, C., Dupont-Rouzeyrol, M. (2015) Detection of Zika virus in urine.Emerg Infect Dis,21(1), 84-6. Grard, G., Caron, M., Mombo, I. M., Nkoghe, D., Ondo, S. M., Jiolle, D., ... Leroy, E. M. (2014). Zika virus in Gabon (Central Africa)2007: a new threat from Aedes albopictus?.PLoS Negl Trop Dis,8(2), e2681. Hamel, R., Dejarnac, O., Wichit, S., Ekchariyawat, P., Neyret, A., Luplertlop, N., ... Cao-Lormeau, V. M. (2015). Biology of Zika virus infection in human skin cells.Journal of virology,89(17), 8880-8896. Hennessey, M. J., Fischer, M., Panella, A., Kosoy, O., Laven, J., Lanciotti, R. S., Staples, J. E. (2016). Zika Virus Disease in Travelers Returning to the United States, 20102014.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 16-0049. Hofer, U. (2016). Viral Pathogenesis: Tracing the steps of Zika virus.Nature Reviews Microbiology. Ioos, S., Mallet, H. P., Goffart, I. L., Gauthier, V., Cardoso, T., Herida, M. (2014). Current Zika virus epidemiology and recent epidemics.Medecine et maladies infectieuses,44(7), 302-307. Li, M. I., Wong, P. S. J., Ng, L. C., Tan, C. H. (2012). Oral susceptibility of Singapore Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) to Zika virus.PLoS Negl Trop Dis,6(8), e1792. Maurer-Stroh, S., Mak, T. M., Ng, Y. K., Phuah, S. P., Huber, R. G., Marzinek, J. K., ... Lin, R. T. (2016). South-east Asian Zika virus strain linked to cluster of cases in Singapore, August 2016.Euro surveillance: bulletin Europe?en sur les maladies transmissibles= European communicable disease bulletin,21(38). Musso, D., Gubler, D. J. (2015). Zika virus: following the path of dengue and chikungunya?.The Lancet,386(9990), 243-244. Musso, D., Nhan, T., Robin, E., Roche, C., Bierlaire, D., Zisou, K., ... Broult, J. (2014). Potential for Zika virus transmission through blood transfusion demonstrated during an outbreak in French Polynesia, November 2013 to February 2014.Euro Surveill,19(14), 20761. Oehler, E., Watrin, L., Larre, P., Leparc-Goffart, I., Lastere, S., Valour, F., ... Ghawche, F. (2014). Zika virus infection complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome--case report, French Polynesia, December 2013.Euro Surveill,19(9), 20720. Pyke, A. T., Daly, M. T., Cameron, J. N., Moore, P. R., Taylor, C. T., Hewitson, G. R., ... Gair, R. (2014). Imported Zika virus infection from the Cook Islands into Australia, 2014.PLoS currents,6. Richard, V., Paoaafaite, T., Cao-Lormeau, V. M. (2016). Vector competence of French Polynesian Aedes aegypti and Aedes polynesiensis for Zika virus.PLoS Negl Trop Dis,10(9), e0005024. Song, H., Qi, J., Haywood, J., Shi, Y., Gao, G. F. (2016). Zika virus NS1 structure reveals diversity of electrostatic surfaces among flaviviruses.Nature structural molecular biology. Weaver, S. C., Costa, F., Garcia-Blanco, M. A., Ko, A. I., Ribeiro, G. S., Saade, G., ... Vasilakis, N. (2016). Zika virus: history, emergence, biology, and prospects for control.Antiviral research,130, 69-80. Weger-Lucarelli, J., Rckert, C., Chotiwan, N., Nguyen, C., Luna, S. M. G., Fauver, J. R., ... Ebel, G. D. (2016). Vector Competence of American Mosquitoes for Three Strains of Zika Virus.PLOS Negl Trop Dis,10(10), e0005101. Wong, P. S. J., Li, M. Z. I., Chong, C. S., Ng, L. C., Tan, C. H. (2013). Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse): a potential vector of Zika virus in Singapore.PLoS Negl Trop Dis,7(8), e2348. Zammarchi, L., Stella, G., Mantella, A., Bartolozzi, D., Tappe, D., Gnther, S., ... Schmidt-Chanasit, J. (2015). Zika virus infections imported to Italy: clinical, immunological and virological findings, and public health implications.Journal of Clinical Virology,63, 32-35.

Women in European Art an Example by

Women in European Art Attitude to women and understanding of their role in the European art have changed dramatically since medieval times. This paper is to trace those changes, using three famous paintings from the Middle Ages, Renaissance and late XIX century. Need essay sample on "Women in European Art" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The Portrait of Giovanni, Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami, also known as The Portrait of Spouses Arnolfini, represents us the figures of a man and a woman, namely an Italian trader Giovanni Arnolfini with his wife. The entire picture, painted by an outstanding Flemish artist Jan van Eyck in 1434 is deeply symbolic, and can be completely understood only after learning the whole epoch, when this masterpiece came to being, however, our point of interest is a woman. Wearing a long green dress, covering her figure, she seems to be very modest. Here respective and gentle look is pointed to her husband. The woman is pregnant, or simulates pregnancy, which was quite a usual thing at the time. In total, she seems to be just an obedient satellite of her spouse, never trying any independent role. The hands of the couple are united in the semantic centre of the composition. A man rises his right hand in a blessing gesture, showing his protection. The manner, in which the woman is depicted, shows a, so to say, ideal medieval wife: passive, dependent on husbands will, and always ready to follow mans instructions. Her behavior is absolutely anti-feminist, it seems, that she simply does not think of her rights and interests, totally identifying them with the interests of her spouse. The Alba Madonna by Raphael, painted in 1510 is justifiably considered to be the greatest of Raphaels Madonnas in North America. The round format of the picture is usual for Florentine style of depicting Madonnas, but is still different from the traditional icon scheme. Madonna sits on the ground, rather than on a magnificent throne. In contrast to most of Madonnas of the time, and even many pictures by Raphael himself, she expressly dominates over Christ and John the Baptist., who are depicted as simple children. The focus of their gestures and glances is centered on a slender reed cross that actually defines the work's meaning. Church doctrine holds that from birth Christ had an "understanding" of his fate. Here he accepts the cross of his future sacrifice, an action understood as well by his mother and cousin. However, this understanding by Christ and John is vague and unclear, and the Godmother appears to have clear understanding of future. She still has no decisive power to infl uence the course of events by her own will, nevertheless, she is much stronger and more active, than a woman of van Eyck. Young Mother, Daughter, and Son by Mary Cassatt is the latest of the examined pictures, painted in 1913. Just as two previous paintings, its topic concerns motherhood. However, at this picture, a woman plays a central role in the composition, binding it together. She is already not an object, serving others interests, deprived of own will and independence, she is an active subject, a wise, rather than aggressive one. Her domination is not based on force or violence, but on calm evenness. The picture can hardly be called feminist, but anyway it reflects some feminists views about women hidden power and influence. The only male figure on the picture is a baby, laying on mothers hands and sleeping. He is rather an object, than a subject. The picture seems to be explaining, that despite of all mens efforts to prevail, they all are still born by women, and they are nothing without women. REFERENCES Praeger F. A.(1958) Praeger Picture Encyclopedia of Art: A Comprehensive Survey of Painting, Sculpture, Architecture and Crafts, Their Methods, Styles and Technical Terms, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, New York: F.A. Praeger Beck J, 1994, Masters of Art: Raphael, Harry N Abrams, London I. S. Monro (1956) Index to Reproductions of European Paintings: A Guide to Pictures in More Than Three Hundred Books. New York: H. W. Wilson

The Concept of Islam Religion Essay

The Concept of Islam Religion Essay The Concept of Islam Religion Essay Islamic Religion and the State Islam is depicted as a way of life. However, this eliminates the fact that it is a political phenomenon. Islam is a religion which is a social aspect rather than political. Islam is a peculiar concept of secularism. This means that Islam opposed the idea that it should involve itself with other parts of life. Islam, as a religion, was also seen as a good way of governing society, and this should be incorporated to the modern society. As a result, a political institution had no place in the Muslim society. Every individual of the Muslim society was seen to be guided by the teachings of Islamic laws, rather than the set political structure. Islam was a religious way of life. It was also seen as a form of governance. Islam scholars argued that Islamic values and the way of life had a similar style of governance like most of western government. They depicted this as an effective way and did not consider political organization of any other nature. Those who were supporting political society were regarded as modernists, but many of the scholars who were traditionalists were against this. They saw this as a violation of Islamic state laws. Islamic state was honored since they believed that, it was drafted by Prophet Muhammad. They believed that Islam was a sacred institution that was not to assimilate any form of foreign intervention. Rules that were outlined by religious values and there was no need for political intervention. Islam, from the early beginnings, did not have separation between politics and other social values. Islam, therefore, did not require any organization to govern the Muslim society. Political instituti on was eliminated since leaders were seen as ordained by God. In addition, Muslim society did not see any person above the law and hence did not require any political leaders. Formulation of Modern Religious Concept Awareness about religion defined the starting of various chapters of different beliefs. Religion opened a new face to identify one’s own belief as the only factual compared to other people’s belief. Concept of religion began during the Medieval Ages. Faith justification and disbelief in modern science had discarded all the theories that had been formulated. As a result, changes in the general order of the society were explained through religion. Religion became very dominant that, incidents were to be clarified through people’s belief. Religion established itself during the seventeenth century. Ideas of various reformers of the sixteenth century were deserted, and natural religion was accepted. The path to the enlightenment of religion was as a result of fully secularized, privatized individuals highly motivated by answering questions of what affected humankind. There was also desire by people to associate themselves as God’s creatures and had authority fr om Him. Formulation of Islam religion by the Western intellectual discourse was a hypothesis. However, this formed the source of various debates. Western intellectual discourse about the Islam is depicted as an imbalanced game. These intellectuals are mostly seen as Christians. Therefore, the discourse that is carried out seems to be incomplete and thus contain a lot of controversies. The western intellectuals did not have a proper analysis of the formation of Islam. There were theories by western writers of generating Islam origin. The concept of generic Islam was disturbing the intellectuals formulated two paths of how Islam was formed. Islam was constructed through the paths of essentializations which were more offensive and the other being defensive. Visit our religion essay writing service if you need a custom written paper on your topic. Fill in the order form with all essay details and have your paper written by !

Taum Sauk Upper Reservoir Dam Restoration Project Essay

Taum Sauk Upper Reservoir Dam Restoration Project - Essay Example ged upon. Due to this, the project which will be proposed blurs the lines between economic development, and environmental recovery. Background: Although it has been over 25 years since the explosion that led to the release of radioactive matter at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in the Soviet Union (currently Ukraine), the fact of the matter is that the area in and around the release is still highly toxic. This is of course due to the fact that the radioactive material that was released into the air, and ultimately into the ground and water supply, has determinate â€Å"half lives† which means it will remain for quite some time into the future. After the disaster which spilled toxic radioactive waste into the atmosphere and ruptured the poorly built Soviet containment system, the engineers of the time decided that the best way to remediate the situation would merely to be close the reactor that had experienced the disaster and move refocus electrical generation needs on the remain ing reactors of the Chernobyl power plant (Voitsekhovich 1016). Although such an approach has definitely worked for a period of nearly 30 years, the fact of the matter is that the untouched and un-remediated reactor that initially ruptured lies untouched and continues to leak radioactive matter into the ground, the air, and the water table. Influences to the Project: Due to the fact that Ukraine, once a part of the former Soviet Union, has a robust engineering and construction sector with a skilled and talented workforce to draw upon, the extent to which well qualified individuals available to work on such a situation exists is not in question. Moreover, due to the fact that few environmental or labor laws define the current system that is evidenced with regards to construction and engineering projects within Ukraine, it can readily be seen that few roadblocks to such a remediation project will be likely to be realized either. An additional point that bears mention is the fact that the northern reaches of the nation of Ukraine, specifically where Chernobyl is situated, can experience moderate to severe winters where ice and snow can become a major impediment to construction or the delivery of key supplies and personnel to the building site as a function of poorly maintained and insufficient roads and transportation systems. With regards to the cultural and language differential that must be engaged upon, this is an aspect of project planning that cannot be understated (Toru Oka 999). Due to the fact that the Ukrainian language is unique and only tangentially related to its closest linguistic cousin – Russian – it is the understanding of this student that a great deal of time, effort, planning, and money will need to go into hiring translators and area experts to integrate with all levels of the workforce, existing infrastructure, and governmental liaisons to the project. Management Strategy: As a function of the previous

Evaluate this statement in light of relevant case law and doctrine of Essay

Evaluate this statement in light of relevant case law and doctrine of promissory estoppel - Essay Example Thus, whenever it is established that there was an intention to create a legal contract, the parties involved in the creation of the intention are prevented from rescinding the contract, through the doctrine of estoppels2. The substance of a contract is the intention that the individuals had when they were establishing the contractual agreement. Therefore under the law, an agreement is only legally enforceable, if the parties are deemed by the court to have intended to establish it1. While the element of consideration is essential for a legal establishment of a contract, the intention to establish such a contract overrides the substance of consideration, since where the court can determine that the parties involved in the establishment of a contractual agreement had the intention to do so, and then the presumed consideration is as good as agreed. While the intention to create a legal relation between parties may not have been stated explicitly, it is the circumstances and the conditi ons surrounding the establishment of the agreement that are inferred, to establish whether such an intention existed2. To establish the existence of an intention to create legal relations, two principles always come into play. First, the principle of the reasonable man test, must apply. This principle seeks to determine whether, given the circumstances under which the parties to an agreement were while establishing it, a reasonable man can find there was or there was no intention to create a legally binding agreement3. The second principle is the principle of two presumptions, which presumes differently when considering the intentions of an agreement, depending on whether the agreement is a commercial agreement or a social agreement. Nevertheless, the differentiation in the nature of the agreement, when it comes to the presumption of an intention to create a legally binding contract, has a predetermined position. The conditions applicable for a commercial agreement in relation to th e principle of intention to create a legal contract are different when it comes to social and domestic agreements4. The predetermined position for a business transaction or any commercial agreement is that there is always an intention to create a legal relation. On the other hand, the predetermined position for the domestic and social contract is that there is no intention to create legal relations, unless proved otherwise. Therefore, for a business transaction, the person wishing to rescind the contract has to prove to the courts that the circumstances and conditions under which the agreement was entered into, do not qualify to establish a legal and binding obligation. On the other hand, for a social or domestic agreement, the parties involved must prove to the courts that there was indeed a need to establish a legally binding contract between the parties (Mulcahy and Tillotson 97). This presumption was demonstrated in the case of Balfour v Balfour [19193] 2 KB 571, where Mr. Balfo ur lived in a different estate with Mrs. Balfour, who could not join him due to her medical condition. Therefore, Mr. Balfour promised to be remitting $30 to his wife every month, but later default on the remittance. Consequently, Mrs. Balfour sought to enforce the agreement through a court of law, on the premise that there was a legally binding

Neil Postman's view on either religion, politics, or education in Essay

Neil Postman's view on either religion, politics, or education in Amusing Ourselves to Death - Essay Example This is certainly true, as many local cable shows make religion to be some kind of spectacle and not much else. However, even off the television religion is not all that great and in fact many of the things Postman talks about have been carried out long before television existed. According to Postman, when religion is put on television, "Everything that makes religion an historic, profound and sacred human activity is stripped away; there is no ritual, no dogma, no tradition, no theology, and above all, no sense of spiritual transcendence" (Postman). He says that what happens instead is that the preacher becomes more important than God himself, and that essentially the religious experience becomes some kind of cult of personality where the audience is enthralled with the preacher who owns the television show. Postman cites a number of television shows which proves his point. His three main examples are Jim Swaggart, Pat Robertson, and Reverend Terry. Reverend Terry "offers a "prosper ity Campaign Kit," which appears to have a dual purpose: As it brings one nearer to Jesus, it also provides advice on how to increase one's bank account" (Postman). Pat Robertson is not quite so bold about it but his 700 club still charges people "fifteen dollars per month" to belong to it and to keep running (Postman). Jim Swaggart is in the old style but his preaching is still television-ized, his sermons are "theatrical, emotional, and in a curious way comforting" (Postman). Indeed, there are plenty of television shows like the ones Postman mentions. Local cable stations abound in just the sort of preaching that he is talking about. In fact, things have gotten worse since Postman's writing. Figures like Glenn Beck, who has a television show as well as a radio show, actually just spread hatred and spectacle on their show purely for ratings. Glenn Beck is a reat example of the preacher being more important than God, like Postman says. Postman, though, says television "is not congen ial to messages of naked hate" (Postman). Figures like Beck show this is not the case, and suggest that religion has become even more degraded by television now. Postman believes that television automatically changes the message of anything, and that this is why religion becomes cheapened on television. Unlike the thrill of being there in person, where the preacher can speak more directly to you, television makes this impossible because you do not know who is watching and have to take care of the ratings. Basically he says that "on television, religion, like everything else, is presented, quite simply and without apology, as an entertainment." Postman compares several pre-television evangelists to the three TV preachers he brought up. He says that men "such as Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield and Charles Finney, ... were men of great learning, theological subtlety and powerful expositional skills" (Postman). He says that what makes the real difference though, is that the medium o f television is not as effective as the medium of being there in person. The problem with moderrn evangelists is that they do not "the truth, if they think about it at all, that not all forms of discourse can be converted from one medium to another" (Postman). He says this is like translating poetry, where the message remains but the meaning is lost. While Postman does make a good point about ratings, it is not necessarily true that all pre-television evangelists were better at their job. For instance there must have been many who were just in it to make money by entertaining people, and in a time when television was not available there was not any other sort of entertainment. For this reason

Research on Job Sites for Graduates

Research on Job Sites for Graduates DATE: March 28th 2017 TO: Wally Kowal FROM: Mohamed Abdi SUBJECT: WHAT IS THE RECOMMENDED JOB SITE FOR RYERSON BUSINESS GRADUATES? In this report, I will be discussing about three major job sites that are available in Canada that can help find a job for Ryerson business graduates. In this report, I will also include an analysis on the major features, the comprehensiveness and ease of use of each job site. By the end I will give you my recommendation on which job site is best option for a Ryerson business graduate to visit in order to find employment. Findings The three major job sites that can help Ryerson business graduates in finding employment are Indeed, LinkedIn, and Glassdoor. For each job site, I will be discussing these topics about them: Major Features Ease of use Indeed According to Jarapa (2016), Indeed.com: is one of the worlds biggest and largest job sites on the internet, with over 150 million unique visitors on a monthly basis from over 50 different countries. This companys slogan, One search, all jobs, perfectly encapsulates their unique take on what a job search site should be. Indeed.com differentiates itself from other in the field by only listings job posted on their own site but also jobs posted on countless other sources as well. Major Features Indeed, contains several features that assist this job site in being recognized as being one of, if not the best job site in the world. One of major features that Indeed has is it salary calculator. Indeed.com salary calculator allows to view the average salary for any particular job position you are looking for (Jarapa, 2016). Another feature that Indeed has is it intuitive keyword tool (Jarapa, 2016). Indeed, has the best keyword search tools for job searching because it can effectively customize how the search is carried out, which is far more intuitive than just ticking off a number of criteria boxes (Jarapa, 2016). Another feature is the search engine on Indeed. Indeed searches for jobs that are listed on job boards, newspaper sites and also niche sites (Boswell, 2017). Through these searches which Indeed conduct it is then posted on to their website. Indeeds search engine collects numerous jobs that are listed and they are all from different industries. Here is a table I created based off of Indeeds latest employment trends from February 2017: (Indeed, 2017) Based off this table, the industries of accounting, information technology, financial services and banking, real estate, human resources, retail, and hospitality accumulate a total of 128,704 number of job postings. With this total of job postings Ryerson business graduates have a variety of jobs to choose to from. Another feature is Where are the jobs feature. This feature is very special because it can take you to a map of Canada that shows you the many job postings in Canada(Boswell, 2017). Indeeds interactive map allows users to zoom into there area of choice to get a closer look of where there of employment could possibly be as well as whether that environment is best use for them. Ease of Use Although Indeed.com has a large database of job postings from numerous sources, obtaining the information that you need is easy (Jarapa, 2016). To start off, indeeds homepage is similar to Googles or Bings homepage where users simply search for the position that they are looking for. The layout of the homepage brings ease to users eyes as well as comprehending this job site doesnt take too much time or effort to learn. Thanks to Indeeds simplistic display users, and specifically Ryerson business graduates can find any job they are looking for with ease. LinkedIn According to Duffy (2015), LinkedIn is the most important cross-industry professional network around. LinkedIn is recognized as the number one social network for developing a professional network for your career (Duffy, 2015). Thanks to that anyone that is 20 years old and plus with career goals in mind should have a LinkedIn account, and if not they should make one. Major Features LinkedIn allows users to create free accounts to build a professional profile. LinkedIn is a social networking site like Facebook and Twitter. However, LinkedIn works to help its user build a professional network. Creating a professional profile, can help Ryerson business graduates gain the attention of employers because employers will be able to see their profiles and visit them. Users can connect with colleagues (Duffy, 2015). By connecting with colleagues through LinkedIn, business graduates can expand their network, and hope to get a job. Connecting with colleagues is an innovative way to connect with the industries, the bosses of your colleagues, and with colleagues associates. By expanding your network from connecting to yours colleagues your chances of finding employment increase further. LinkedIn also has networking feature. Just as Reviews (2016) stated, networking is LinkedIns core competency, and their superb execution on that feature trumps shortcomings in other traditional features you might find in other job sites. Thanks to its excellent networking feature users can develop a strong network to HR representatives (Reviews, 2016). By searching for any HR manager from different companies, users can reach out to them and build and good relationship which could benefit that user to find employment. Ease of use As I stated before, LinkedIn is a social networking site like Facebook or Twitter. Well this relates to how Ryerson business graduates will find ease when using LinkedIn to find jobs. Ryerson business graduates will find ease and will be able to comprehend LinkedIn fast because it works similarly like social network applications. This generation of business graduates are probably users of other social network application, such as Twitter, Instagram, or Facebook. Although each of these applications are used for different purpose, they are share a common goal for their consumers. That is that they are there to help users interact and socialize with people and LinkedIn is the exact same. LinkedIn is there to help users build a profile where they can interact with other and build a strong network of colleagues. Glassdoor Glassdoor is the final job search sites that I will be discussing in this report. Glassdoor is a distinctly different kind of job site because it has an innovative inside look at companies hiring practices and culture which sets them apart from both LinkedIn and Indeed (Review, 2016). For job seekers, Glassdoor is a useful tool when you want to narrow down the job you are looking for. Nevertheless, it is still a very useful job site for anyone looking for employment. Major Features Glassdoor has an inside scope on job positions and the company, (Reviews, 2016). Employees and former employees of numerous companies give anonymous ratings and reviews about the companies they have worked or are working for. These reviews are divided into categories which based on companies culture and values, work-life balance, compensation and benefits, senior management and career opportunities (Reviews, 2016). Glassdoor also has an interview questions section. These interview questions were collected from numerous companies, and are an aid for potential new hires to help them nail the interview. The interview questions section is a goldmine of information for job seekers (Doyle, 2016). They also include sample answers to questions to assist interviewees to gain confidence and a bit of understanding of what the employer is looking for. Glassdoor has a top-notch salary and compensation information. Glassdoors salary information ensures that not only employers know much the job pays. Thanks to employees posting salary information about different positions in various companies this tool is very beneficial to younger workers. Ryerson business graduates want to get paid a good amount for their hard work when studying and also, they can possibly negotiate salary cap when the interview time comes too. Ease of Use Using Glassdoors website is pretty simple to comprehend. A majority of Ryerson business graduates have visited job search sites before so using Glassdoor will be easy. From the homepage, you are greeted by a search bar, which lets you search for jobs, companies, reviews, salaries, and interview questions (Jarapa, 2016). When the search results come, you refine the results by using the filter on the site to find the current jobs available and review of them (Jarapa, 2016). Conclusion/Recommendations Therefore, I believe that the best chose for Ryerson business graduates to use to find a job is Indeed. Indeed, is most appropriate and effective option to find employment is because Indeed offers a large landscape of job opportunities for people, specifically university graduates. University students, regardless of them being graduates do not know what they want be completely. Indeed, offers a variety of business jobs for Ryerson business graduates to choose from. I recommend Indeed.com as the best site for Ryerson business graduates. References Boswell, W. (2017, March 6). Find a Job with Indeed. Lifewire. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from https://www.lifewire.com/use-indeed-to-search-jobs-3482016 Doyle, A. (2016, October 19.). Glassdoor.com Salaries, Reviews and Jobs. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/glassdoor-com-salaries-reviews-and-jobs-2060040 Duffy, J. (2015, December 16.) LinkedIn. PC Magazine. Retrieved March 24, 2017 from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2120736,00.asp Glassdoor Reviews. (2015, November 16.) Reviews.com. Retrieved March 24, 2017, from www.reviews.com/job-sites/glassdoor/ Indeed. (2017, February). CA Industry Employment Trends. Indeed. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://ca.indeed.com/jobtrends/industry Indeed.com Reviews. (2016, December 6.) Reviews.com Retrieved March 26, 2017, from http://www.reviews.com/job-sites/indeedcom/ Indeed. (2017, February). CA Industry Employment Trends. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://ca.indeed.com/jobtrends/industry Jarapa, J. (2016, August 8). Glassdoor Review 2016 | Pros, Cons More. Comparakeet.com. Retrieved March 25, 2017, from https://www.comparakeet.com/best-job-search-sites/glassdoor-review/ Jarapa, J. (2016, August 10.) Indeed.com Review 2016 | Pros, Cons More. Comparakeet.com Retrieved March 25, 2017, from http://www.comparakeet.com/best-job-search-sites/indeed-com-review/ LinkedIn Reviews. (2015, November 15.) Reviews.com Retrieved March 26, 2017, from http://www.reviews.com/job-sites/linkedin/

Youth Smoking and Prevention Essay -- Tobacco Addiction Papers

Youth Smoking and Prevention Introduction: Ascertaining the Issue and Addressing the Problem As we progress into a more sophisticated and knowledgeable future, it is no wonder that our prosperity and health are first on our list of priorities. By simply looking at the longevity people have in today's world, one can see something that was unfathomable less than one hundred years ago. In this proposal, an issue is addressed that deals on many levels. It is an issue that touches everyone, whether one is directly involved or not. It is an issue that lives in every community around the world and affects more people than most realize. So as we advance into an increasingly foreseeable future, where our standard of success rises higher and higher toward perfection, it is ironic how we allow such an issue slip past our view and remain forever in our periphery. It is this, the issue of smoking, which has stood the test of time and has raised all of these concerns. The importance of addressing this blemish on society's face is something that can no longer be ignored. The purpose of this proposal is to effectively state a solution to the problems of youth smoking and illegal sale of tobacco, issues that have been pushed aside in the minds of so many for too long. Background Information: Linking the Past With the Present Prologue Cigarette smoking is ubiquitous. It seems today that everywhere we turn we see media channeling or promoting their attention on smoking. How this effects society in America and others around the world is substantial. Over recent years, prominence of smoking has been seen to be on the upswing and this in effect not only influences adult smokers, but youths as well. However, the issue of youth smok... ...'s April 2002 report on Smoking. Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office, 2003. Insel, Paul M. and Roth, Walton T. Core Concepts in Health. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004. Jamrozik, Konrad. â€Å"ABC of Smoking Cessation: Population Strategies to Prevent Smoking†. British Medical Journal, Issue 328 (2004: 759-62). â€Å"Special Reports: State Tobacco Settlement.† Tobacco-Free Kids. 25 March 2004. . Unites States Department of Health and Human Services. Changing Adolescent Smoking Prevalence. Maryland: National Institute of Health, 2001. United States. One Hundred Eighth Congress. Youth Smoking Prevention and State Revenue Enforcement Act. Washington: GPO, 2003. â€Å"When Smoking Was A Choice Addiction.† Why Quit. 29 Mar. 2004. .

Materials and Inventory Essay

In the S, T, and P facilities, it has been identified that some of the manufacturing processes are related with one another. Due to the interrelatedness and the other problems seen from the different facilities, it is seen that a problem from one facility affects the others. This is observed to be especially true for the area of the management and inventory control. Materials management is oftentimes associated to inventory control and this is defined as the act of â€Å"managing the organization’s raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, and products in-transit† (Griffin, 2002 as cited in Adam & Sammon, 2004, p. 28). The primary focus of the materials and inventory management involve being accountable for all WIP and stock, coordination with the suppliers in order to organize production requirements, maintain a desirable inventory level, manage the processes related to physical inventory audits, establish automated forms of inventory systems, manage the condition and coding of the materials, coordinate with or manage the purchasing department, discuss with major suppliers regarding the prices and terms, choose new suppliers, ensure that the methods in existence are in sync with the changes in the environment (Charvet, 1997). The importance of these processes would lie on the need for materials and inventory in creating a long-term advantage in terms of competitive grounds (Jamal et al., 2007). Upon a review of the situation for the three facilities, there are several findings that are worth noting. First, the frequency as to when the accessory parts run out in S facility is seen to be declared on a habitual interval. The causes and implications of this could include that the T and P facilities are not able to meet the demands of the S facility because identification of the quantity is not fully carried out by the T and P facilities. Moreover, it could be that there are problems with the shipping schedule from the T and P facilities wherein the time as to when the accessories are needed in the S facilities is not clearly identified or unknown that is why shipments are not organized. Second, formal receipt of the materials needed for production in the T and P facilities is not present as well as a system in order to reflect this to have arrived at the T and P facilities in order to acknowledge the shipment from the S facility. The establishment of a system would also entail the need for the creation of a formal receiving dock where shipments pass through. It allows for the inspection of the shipments and the respective entry into the inventory system of the respective facility. Third, concerns arise, too, with the wasted productions due to malfunctioning equipment or wrong materials used. Incidences such as this could be experienced when routine maintenance on the equipment and evaluation of the materials is not carried out to ensure that errors are minimized. In light of the problems identified for the materials and inventory aspect, there are recommended measures that are used in order to resolve the problems. First, it is necessary for the facilities to have a computerized inventory system wherein the necessary parts are interrelated with one another. The benefit derived from having a computerized system for the inventory control is attributed to its ability to organize the data of the organization in an efficient manner and the reduced costs associated with inventory control (Palmer, 2005). Second, there is the need to provide for a receiving dock for the shipments wherein the materials shipped are immediately entered into the system to reflect both an acknowledgement receipt and confirmation to the other facility from which it came from. This makes inventory easier as it is done as the shipments are brought in which means that it is always update. Third, training with regard to the evaluation and maintenance of the equipment should be provided to the employees who are responsible for this. Likewise, there should be a regular schedule for assessment of equipment condition and materials to ensure that disruptions and errors are kept to a minimum. References Adam, F. & Sammon, D. (2004). The enterprise resource planning decade: Lessons learned and issues for the future. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing. Charvet, S. (1997). Words that change minds: Mastering the language of influence. (2nd ed. ). Author’s Choice Publishing. Dubuque, IO: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company. Jamal, N. M. , Mastor, N. H. , Saat, M. M. , Ahmad, M. F. , and Abdullah, D. F. (2007). Cost and management accounting: An introduction. Johor Darul Ta’zim: Muapaat Jaya Percitakan Sdn. Bhd. Palmer,D. (2005). Maintenance planning and scheduling handbook. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional.

A Study On The Sector Policing Social Policy Essays

A Study On The Sector Policing Social Policy Essays A Study On The Sector Policing Social Policy Essay A Study On The Sector Policing Social Policy Essay In this thesis, the principals of whether the debut of Sector Policing into The North Central Dublin Metropolitan C District was an effectual move will be examined and analysed ensuing in a decision established from the research. The purpose of this thesis is to research how the thought of sector policing was established and why it was believed to be suited for todays Irish policing and society within the North Central Dublin Metropolitan C District. The chief aim of this thesis is to necessarily set up whether the debut of Sector Policing into the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region C District has been an effectual move and to to boot set up whether it was seen to be working by current functioning members within the Dublin North Central Division. In order to set up this, two semi-structured interviews were conducted with two different members of different ranks within An Garda Siochana. One of which was with an Inspector presently working within the North Central Division who was positioned at that place during the debut of Sectors and the 2nd with a Garda who worked within the North Central division both before and after the debut of Sectors. The findings of the Dissertation was that yes, The debut of Sectors to the Dublin Metropolitan Region, North Central Division has been effectual and continues to be effectual. Introduction In this thesis it is the purpose to steer the reader through the thoughts behind Sector policing, the grounds for why it was thought to be suited within An Garda Siochana and today s Irish policing Society and to boot it s existent debut and birth into the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region C District. The thought of how Sector policing was introduced into other states and how it affected those states in the long tally will be discussed and comparings as to why Sector Patroling might non hold worked in the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region will besides be discussed. This will be achieved by utilizing South Africa as an illustration as to how its debut caused a big failure to happen within their policing society in the beginning of the debut of Sector Policing which lead to a deficiency of trust towards the South African Police Force. Ultimately the intent of this thesis is to analyze and to analyze whether or non the debut of sector patroling into the North Central Dub lin Metropolitan Regions C District has been effectual. Sector Patroling within the C District has been in operation since the beginning of 2009 ; and research will state of the phases which occurred in order for Sector Policing to be effectual within the C District. In order for the completion of this thesis, the inquiry of Has the debut of Sectors into the C District in Dublin been effectual? must be answered. To assist accomplish the overall decision of this thesis, the following purposes have been set out: The thought of sector policing will be discussed sketching its aims The debut of Sector Policing as originally introduced into South Africa will be researched and discussed The grounds as to why it is effectual within the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region C District in comparing to South Africa will be examined To set up the purposes and benefits of Sector Policing within the C District What views Gardai have about the debut of Sector Patroling to the C District For the intent of this thesis, a member of an Garda Siochana who has served his provisional period within the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region C District, attached to Store Street Garda Station will be interviewed and questioned sing his experiences of Sector Policing. In add-on, as portion of his stage two faculty of preparation and before the debut of sectors, the Interviewee was besides based in Store Street Garda Station. Therefore, leting him to discourse and compare the full effects that Sector Policing has had on the C District. Additionally in order to research the thesis subject, an experient member of An Garda Siochana was interviewed in order to determine his positions on the debut of Sector Policing into the C District and to discourse the effectivity of it in his position. Up to day of the month literature was researched sing sector policing and its history within South Africa and The United Kingdom. This literature included books, studies and information on the subject environing Sector Policing and Neighbourhood Policing assisting to determine if Sector Policing has been effectual within the C District. All this research allowed for an informed decision on the subject. This thesis compromises of four chapters and will incorporate recommendations and decisions. In chapter one, this chapter aims to give an lineation of the significance of researching this subject, the research methods used in this thesis and the restraints experienced by the writer while roll uping and finishing this papers. In chapter two, this chapter aims to give the reader an penetration into the background of Sector Policing. It will be discussed how it was tried and tested in South Africa and failed. It will besides be discussed how it is presently being used efficaciously with the United Kingdom Therefore leting the reader to read and understand the differences that occur within different states with the debut of Sector Policing. Chapter two will necessarily specify the words Sector Policing. Chapter three will let the thesis to give the reader an penetration into the altering ways of Patroling in the North Central Dublin Metropolitan C District by the debut of Sector Policing. The thesis will let this by explicating its existent birth into the C District, how it was implemented and the interview of a member of An Garda Siochana who has been strongly involved with the local community for over four and a half old ages covering on a regular basis with members of the local community and has attended local community Policing Forum Meetings. An interview can besides be read in this thesis from an established member of An Garda Siochana who has helped with the debut of sector patroling to the C District leting him to explicate in his words why Sector Policing is the manner frontward nationally. Chapter four will let for the analysis of the research findings gained from both these interviews in order to compare and contrast this with the literature reviewed. Chapter One Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to sketch the subject significance of researching the subject of Sector Policing, the research methods used in this thesis and the restraints experienced while roll uping and finishing this papers. Additionally, it is within this chapter that Sector Policing will be defined and described. Issues to be addressed In order for any issues to be addressed in this thesis Has the debut of Sector Policing been effectual within the C District? , the whole country environing the subject of Sector Policing must be examined. Research must be carried out as to which states it has been introduced to before and has its debut to them been effectual. If non the grounds as to why it was nt ab initio or in the long tally must be reviewed and a decision should be decided from at that place. The debut of Sector Policing will be analysed and how the alteration was positively introduced into the C District. Reports will besides be studied from the start of the twelvemonth to day of the month sing the advancement and current offense figures ensuing in the debut of Sector Policing within the C District. Topic Significance In order for provisional Gardai to successfully finish their preparation within The Garda College in Templemore, a subject must be chosen in which the member must finish a thesis on. The subject of sector policing was chosen as it is a new construct of patroling within Ireland. As it is seen as the new community based policing and is the manner frontward within the C District, this thesis aims to turn out whether or non this statement is true and to overall measure its effectivity within the C District. Sector Policing was introduced into the C District due to its effectivity within The United Kingdom and South Africa throughout the old ages. Although when foremost introduced into South Africa it was nt Taken serious, Sector Policing outside of Ireland has made its name worldwide for being community involved and more security and offense decrease based on a smaller country within each patroling territory. Sector policing was introduced into the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region on a pilot footing in March 2009 and to this continues to be in full operation. Its advantages are chiefly the strong engagement of the local community in the manner An Garda Siochana constabularies and the decrease of offense based on the sum of Gardai on the round in any one given country. Sector Policing besides allows members of An Garda Siochana to attach themselves to one peculiar country leting them to go really familiar with every facet of and within their designated sector/area. Constraints The chief restraint which was experienced with this thesis was ab initio the size restraint. There is presently so much information and literature available sing the country environing Sector Policing. Therefore, the information which was available was required to be summarised in order to follow with the word count as set out for this thesis. The 2nd restraint in which was encountered was the sum of stuff available purely associating to sector patroling within An Garda Siochana. As the thought of Sector Policing is merely a new construct within An Garda Siochana, the bulk of information researched within the Gardai is chiefly based on other sector policed states. The research in which was carried out is non merely based on the same but Sector Policing within the C District can merely be compared to them for the past twelvemonth as Sector Policing has merely been in operation since the beginning of 2009. Research Methodologies In order to research the inquiry Has the debut of Sector Policing been effectual within the C District? it was decided to utilize both primary and secondary research methods. The usage of interviews was determined to be the primary research method and the researching of literature available was deemed to be the secondary research method. Interviews: For this thesis, semi-structured interviews were chosen as a method of research as it allowed certain issues to be addressed for the intent of replying the thesis subject research inquiry. Literature research: The stuff researched and reviewed will be outlined in chapter two. Much information was read and studied including stuff written by experts in the field of Sector Policing and information written by those who work first manus in a sector policed force. Definition of Sector Patroling Sector policing is a obscure and formless term which has been through a 1000 definitions and redefinitions. There are many definitions linked into the description of Sector Policing: For case, harmonizing to the South African Police Service, Sector policing is an attack to patroling whereby the service country of a constabulary station is divided into smaller, manageable countries known as sectors. For each sector a constabulary functionary is appointed who is known as the sector commanding officer. In the UK Sector Policing is known as Neighbourhood Policing and is defined as an organizational scheme that allows the constabulary, its spouses and the populace to work closely together to work out the jobs of offense and upset, better vicinity conditions and feelings of security. Decision In this chapter the thesis outlines to the reader what Sector Patroling chiefly is, what it aims to accomplish and why it was chosen to be introduced into Ireland. It besides outlines the troubles encountered with the debut of Sector Patroling to the C District and alterations that have been made in order for it to be as it is today. Additionally the restraints that were faced in during the completion of this thesis and the research methodological analysiss are included in this chapter. Chapter Two Introduction In Chapter Two, the thesis aims to give the reader an penetration into what sector patroling truly is. The background and get downing as such of Sector Policing will be discussed and how it was adopted by several states before Ireland. Additionally the thesis will discourse and explicate how it was tried, tested and failed within South Africa in the beginning and how it is presently being used efficaciously within the United Kingdom. Therefore, leting the comparing and contrast of the differences that were encountered within the debut of Sector Policing into different states and civilizations. What is Sector Policing? Sector policing is a UK based patroling theoretical account that can be traced back to the old decennary, ab initio known as vicinity patroling ( CVSR, 2008 ) . Sector patroling adopts a far more decentralized attack to patroling intended to turn to root cause of offense at specific geographical locations in partnership with peculiar communities at local degree, Thus sector policing can be seen as a tailor made patroling attack created to accommodate specific local demands. Background of Sector Policing in South Africa Sector policing was ab initio introduced into the South African Police Force in December 1993 by agencies of a bill of exchange that was published by the South African Police Commissioner. By early 1996 the thought of Sector policing was rolled out through South Africa and was written into the fundamental law going operational really rapidly. However at the beginning there were many jobs encountered. Back in the early 1890ss a race war was running public violence in South Africa and offense degrees were to boot high. Topographic points such as Johannesburg were really insecure as drugs and guns were taking their topographic point next to dally for kids. It was the commissioner s end to convey about effectual offense bar by establishing intelligence-driven crime-prevention undertakings in partnership with the local community. In order to make this the execution of sector policing was broken down into five separate stages crossing over a period of old ages. The five execution phases of sector policing in South Africa Phase one: Determining Sector Boundaries Phase two: Appointing Sector Commander and Sector squad This involved the choice of established Military officers to whom would take duty of each Sector designated to them. Each individual was manus selected based on their policing profile. Phase three: Roll uping Sector Profile this involved researching the countries contained within each sector as designated from the boundaries provided on stage one. This profile contains the demands, concerns, perceptual experiences and abilities of each sector. It was stated critical that these profiles were updated on a regular footing in order to reflect the on-going alterations that were to be experienced by the debut of Sectors Phase four: Establish a Sector Crime forum this was one of the more critical stages of the integrating of sectors. This stage introduced the community into the program. Sector Crime forums were set up to in order to let the community to convey their feelings sing the new policing program and to discourse ongoing issues that were go oning in their sector. It allowed the people to hold a say in the policing that effected their sector and was at that place to offer the community replies to any questions they might hold associating to offense in that sector/area. Phase five: Sector Crime Forum Activities after the safety and security demands of the sector have been established, identified and prioritised, this allows the community to discourse and find the best possible action to be taken. For illustration whether better lighting or walls were needed in an country. Overall, the execution of these five phases was chiefly overseen by each of the Sector Commanders that were designated as portion of the procedure of stage two. The declared advantages of Sector Policing as Written in the 1993 South African Draft In December 1993 when the national constabulary commissioner issued a draft National Instruction on sector patroling there were several advantages outlined in the benefits of Sector Policing. Not merely was in to be the new signifier of community patroling but it was to specify the new manner in which policing was to go. Larger countries were to be broken down guaranting a more efficaciously policed sector and country due to it being more manageable to patrol. Sector Commanders and officers would be dedicated and available to patrol that sector at all times cut downing offense rates due to high visibleness and higher patroling Numberss. Police would go involved in community affairs and go to regular meetings with stakeholders and general members of the populace. Police Officers would now go Community constabularies officers with an confidant cognition of a peculiar country and its jobs as a chief operational unit of a thin and efficient constabulary administration ( Maroga, 2006 ) . Barriers that had been built between the constabulary and the general populace would be broken down due to a common co-operation and trust between all parties involved. Basically, Sector Policing was the most basic signifier of patroling merely the South African Police service were get downing from abrasion and re-juvenating the manner in which policing was done. Community Involvement Not merely was this alteration in the manner policing was to be in the hereafter, but the community of South Africa would besides necessitate to alter the manner they had seen patroling being before. Their engagement in the execution of this procedure was critical and co-operation between both parties was to be upheld in order for it to work. The community were required to go to SCF meetings and portray their jobs and frights merely as the Police were to go to to return replies and solutions to these jobs. Challenges Experienced in the execution of Sector Policing in South Africa As with any new policy that is introduced anyplace or any signifier of alteration, jobs ever occur at the start. In the instance of the debut of Sector Policing to South Africa, the chief job ab initio was the general populace s apprehension of what Sector Patroling really was and how it would impact them in the long term. Police officers besides worried that Sector Policing would neer be incorporated into the mainstream patroling map and that Sector Policing Forums and meetings would simply add to their large adequate work burden. In add-on, Sector Policing Forums would to boot hold to dwell of members of the community who were of different and assorted groups as so to hold an equal sentiment and position. This was considered a challenge due to the past problems in South Africa, chiefly being the war on race and stature within the society. Why Sector Patroling failed in its first few old ages in operation in South Africa Harmonizing to subdivision 205 ( 3 ) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 ( hereafter the Constitution ) , the objects of the South African Police Service are to forestall, combat and investigate offense, to keep public order, to protect and procure the dwellers of the Republic and their belongings, and uphold and enforce the jurisprudence ( Constitution of South Africa, 1996 ) . However, in South Africa the integrating of patroling into sector Policing was a challenge. The whole thought and purpose of Sector Policing was to cut down offense in South Africa and do the community within the designated sectors feel safe. However, this was non the instance. Crime rates continued to remain comparatively high and rose in certain countries of South Africa taking to more Police officers being drafted in to provide for the higher offense demands in larger more offense ridden sectors. Therefore, this lead to the sector patroling thought in other smaller and quieter secto rs to be disbanded and forgotten. It is argued that the constabulary were forced by high degrees of serious and violent offense to drastically increase their Numberss ( forces ) and to travel off from a community patroling attack to more traditional jurisprudence enforcement and high denseness patroling operations ( Burger, 2006 ) . To day of the month Crime in South Africa is still highly high. Murder, for illustration, decreased systematically since 1994/1995 from 66.9 per 100 000 of the population to 40.3 in 2004/2005, but is still at a much higher degree than the international norm of 5.5 per 100 000. Background of Sector Policing in the United Kingdom Sector policing was foremost introduced to the United Kingdom over a decennary ago. The English Police force was the innovator of Sector Policing, and to this twenty-four hours still considers it the lone efficient manner of patroling. Although it was originally introduced as Sector Policing, in the Home Office ( 2004 ) Strategic Plan 2004-2008, it was described as Neighbourhood Patroling instead than Sector Patroling but it was still built on the same footing of Sector Policing. It was introduced as a new manner of accessing and reacting to the demands of the community. There were three cardinal principals sing the manner in which it would be rolled out: High Visibility and acquaintance of constabulary officers including community support officers within each country of patroling A better battle with the local community by agencies of meetings and forums Undertaking jobs flagged by the community taking to a partnership with the local communities and an effectual consequence in consuming offense degrees. The intent of vicinity policing is to present the right people, at the right topographic points and in the right Numberss, in order to make vicinities that are safe and experience safe. ( Practice advice on professionalizing the concern of vicinity patroling papers, 2006 ) . The intent of Neighbourhood/Sector Policing within the United Kingdom Within the UK, Neighbourhood Policing has three demands in which make it a positive measure in policing: The consistent presence Of Police Officers within their designated areas/sectors to keep control, to be seeable and to be familiar to the community and all its demands. To be prompt in the designation of the community s demands To better the quality of life for all members of the community in which they are involved in Neighbourhood/Sector Policing has been worked so good in the United Kingdom due to the Police holding entree, influence, intercession, replies and more significantly cooperation between all members of the community and the constabulary force leting offense to be tackled more expeditiously and with acquaintance. This is what the South African Police Service saw when they chose to travel frontward with the construct of Sector Patroling Resources The chief resources involved in the execution and success of the debut of Sector Patroling to any state is the people involved. Between the constabulary force and every individual in the community, their cooperation is critical for its success. Additionally the Numberss of forces within the Police Force are vitally of import in order for sector policing to be a success. Although Sector Policing entails the interrupting down of larger countries into smaller sectional countries, it is besides designed to supply a better policed country by the increased Numberss of Police Officers available to one peculiar country. Therefore in order for Sector Policing to win, higher Numberss of patroling forces must be made available to each designated sector. Training The preparation of all Police Officers should stay the same although a more Community related attack must be adhered to. The accent on Community Policing should be enforced by all senior officers leting it to turn over down the concatenation of bid Motivation When Sectors were foremost introduced to South Africa and England, the South African Police Officers and English Military officers were pessimistic about it. They thought that the work burden that they had was already large plenty and that Sectors would merely add to this large plenty work load. However this was shortly settled by higher functionaries explicating that sectors lead to country duty and ownership of each country by squads of Police Officers. This in bend could take to bigger and better things for each member. Advancement through the ranks and through each available section. Not merely would Sector Policing benefit members of the community but it would profit members of the Police Force. Plan The program in order to guarantee that Sectors win begins at the top. The Allotment of strong and capable officers is the first measure. As the 1994 South African Policing Draft stated Sector commanding officers must hold good communicating, presentation and selling accomplishments. Creativity and finding are besides recommended qualities ( South African Policing Draft 1994, 2003 ) . These Sector Commanders are selected by the Police Commissioner himself. From at that place, Sector squads are chosen and members are selected by their Sector Commanders. The following measure is so to roll up a sector profile. This allows all members involved in each sector, whether they be officers of higher ranks or uniformed members, to go familiar with their designated are and understand the demands of it. They can analyze offense figures and note offense hot spots including hours of the twenty-four hours and topographic point in which require more attending than others. Community Policing Forums/ Sector Policing Forums would so be set up. This allows the community to be involved in the new signifier of Community Policing. From research undertaken in this chapter, it appears that Sector Policing has been really successful in the United Kingdom and South Africa due to its effientcy and the manner in which it was introduced right leting any jobs to be addressed instantly. Chapter Three Introduction In this chapter, this thesis aims to give the reader some penetration into the debut of sector patroling into the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region C District and the grounds as to why it was introduced. Its execution will be discussed and the intent of its debut as respects to offense degrees and the thought environing Community Policing. Additionally in chapter three, this thesis will expose an interview with a member of An Garda Siochana who has been strongly involved with the local community for over four and a half old ages covering on a regular basis with members of the local community and has attended local community Policing Forum Meetings. An interview can besides be read in this chapter from an established member of An Garda Siochana who has helped with the debut of sector patroling to the C District leting him to explicate in his words why Sector Policing is the manner frontward nationally. Research Method In this chapter, this thesis aims to sketch the methods of research used and offer an account as to why it was necessary to utilize such methods, this will be done by turn toing the undermentioned headers: Method Participants Procedure Method The method of research that was used in the completion of this thesis was both based on literature read and the conductivity of two separate interviews with two functioning members of An Garda Siochana Participants and Procedure Primary research was undertaken utilizing two interviews both of which were semi-structured interviews. The two members that were interviewed were chosen due to their experience within the occupation and their ranks. Whilst one is an officer of the rank of inspector and helped with the apparatus of Sectors, the other is a member of Garda rank which helped with its integrating. Therefore, leting a different position to be seen from two different angles. The Introduction of Sector Policing into the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Division C District The enlargement of Community Policing in promotion of the Irish Garda Commissioners Policy became to the full operational in the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region C District on Monday the 9th of March 2009. The debut of sectors to the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region was a pilot strategy for An Garda Siochana and it was said that should it be successful upon reappraisal, it would be rolled out countrywide. The thought behind Sector patroling within the C District was to exert an increased focal point on community policing, non merely as an investing in a specialist function but simply as a manner of policing in which was to be adopted and integrated into the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region. This was to be implemented by apportioning Community Policing squads which were to include an Inspector supported by dedicated Sergeants and Gardai to whom would be both uniformed and apparent apparels. Each squad was to be deployed to one of the five sectors set up where they would hold ownership and duty for Crime and Public Order bar and decrease, job resolution, Community battle and partnerships within that assigned community. The ultimate purpose of this increased focal point on Community Policing within the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region C District was to guarantee that each sector became a safer country for the community of individuals populating within it and for the general populace who work or visit in that country, hence increasing the quality of life for each individual including members of An Garda Siochana. Not merely was this attack to take consequence outside the Garda Station but within the Stationss office a new squad was to be set up known as The Customer Relationship Management Office . This new squad comprised of a sergeant and two Gardai who would back up operational maps on the land by guaranting that all incidents were reviewed and recorded right, each victim of offense was engaged with in a one to one personal fo oting by phone and that a follow up missive would be issued every bit shortly as possible to guarantee good community dealingss between Gardai and Victims of offense. This Customer Relationship Management Office would besides be critical in the profiling and certification of wrongdoers within the sectors. In add-on to this, Joint Policing Committees were set up similar to the Community Policing Forums set up in both South Africa and The United Kingdom. Joint Policing Committees As portion of the debut of Sectors to the North Central Dublin Metropolitan Region C District, Joint Policing Committees were set up in order to let members of the community and members of the local governments to sit down with Gardai and discourse any issues that they might hold in relation to their sectors. The chief aim of Gardai set uping partnerships with the local community was through audience, to find community demands and patroling precedences per sector and to to boot advance Garda answerability, transparence and effectivity. This was to be seen as a concerted attempt to ease and take part in local job resolution, jobs which can non be determined or helped by Gardai entirely but by the effectual aid of each member and concern within the community. This would be reflected by the sum of Gardai assigned to certain beats within the sectors and at higher Numberss at times of excelled Acts of the Apostless of offense. Not merely did members of the community and Gardai attend the se Joint policing commission meeting but members of the Oireachtas which allowed a stronger engagement. Such affairs discussed would to include Public Order, Drugs, Anti Social behavior and other such societal affairs. In all, pull offing the outlooks of these partnerships was to be